What is the attack line in volleyball and who can cross it?
The attack line (3-meter line) divides the front zone from the back zone. Front-row players may attack and block anywhere. Back-row players may only complete attacks above net height if they take off from behind the line.
Full Explanation
Per FIVB Rule 1.3.4, on each side the attack line's rear edge is drawn 3 meters back from the axis of the centre line, and it marks the front zone (FIVB Rule 1.4.1). Front-row players (positions 2, 3, 4) may attack and block from anywhere in the front zone or behind the attack line. Back-row players (positions 1, 5, 6) may only complete an attack hit above net height if their takeoff was from behind the 3-meter line (FIVB Rules 13.2.2 and 13.3.3). A back-row player may land in front of the line after a legal takeoff. The attack line also marks the boundary for the libero replacement zone. Any player may cross the attack line at any time, the rule governs takeoff point for attacks only.
Rulesets covered: FIVB/USAV/NFHS/NCAA | Rule Reference: FIVB Rule 1.3.4; FIVB Rule 1.4.1; FIVB Rule 13.2.2; FIVB Rule 13.3.3
Primary sources:
- Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028 (FIVB)
- 2025-27 USAV Indoor Rulebook (USA Volleyball)
- NFHS Volleyball Rules (National Federation of State High School Associations)
- NCAA Women's Volleyball Rules Book (NCAA Publications)
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